Aviation fuels, especially those used in military crafts such as jet A fuel for the U.S. Navy and Air Force, are the most costly fuels on the market. Almost all aviation fuels are currently produced from petroleum.
It is important to find a sustainable and affordable alternative for aviation fuel production due to concerns about petroleum limitations including the finite reserve and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Vegetable oil cannot be directly used as aviation fuel because of undesired properties such as a high freezing point and high viscosity.
